想要学好英语语法吗?如果答案是肯定的,那么就请跟我们一起从这18个惯用句子开始,由简易单词记忆,到学习英语时态、掌握基本句型、了解特殊用法,直至全面掌握语法知识,这是本书的重点部分,也是每个学习者应该掌握的最基本语法学习内容。
Unit 02你还好吗?Are you ok?
1.be动词的yes no问句
在掌握了基本的陈述句型后,接下来我们就来了解如何用英语来提问问题。与中文的问句不一样,英语的疑问句主要在于变换动词的位置。be动词在疑问句型中,通常位于句首。所以在be动词的陈述句型里,只要把be动词直接移到主语之前,再把句尾的标点符号由句号改成问号,即形成了be动词的疑问句型。
范例
You''re tired.→ Are you tired?
你累了吗?
She is blind. → Is she blind?
她看不见吗?
The movie is lousy. → Is the movie lousy?
这部片烂吗?
Mother is watering roses. → Is Mother watering roses?
妈妈正在替玫瑰浇水吗?
They are cooking curry. → Are they cooking curry?
他们正在煮咖哩吗?
Unit 03 有个人在我心里。There is a person in my
mind.
1.There be句型的三种时态
there be句型在英语中表示某处有或存在某人、事、物。值得注意的是,there
be中的be因为时间的不同也会有时态的变化,所以千万不能马虎!
(1)there be句型的现在式
there be的句型中,主语是be动词后面的名词。
范例
There are many apples on the tree.
树上有许多苹果。
There is a present for you here.
这儿有一件你的礼物。
(2)there be句型的过去式
范例
There was a small garden at the corner of the street.
在街道的拐角处曾经有个小花园。
There were many fishes in the river.
小河里曾经有很多的鱼。
(3)there be句型的现在完成式
There has been an accident.
出事了。
There have been great advances in medicine.
在医疗上已经有了巨大的进步。
There have been many films about that beautiful story.
关于那个美丽的故事,已经有了许多电影。
There has been life on the Earth for millions of years.
地球上的生命已经存在了几百万年了。
重点提示
there be+名词+and+名词:表示“有各式各样的……”,“有好的……,有坏的……”,“有好的……,有差的……”。
这是there be句型中的一个特殊用法,但是却非常实用。
范例
There are men and men.
有各式各样的人。
There are teachers and teachers.
有好的老师,也有不好的老师。
There are books and books on the market.
市面上有各式各样的书,有好有坏。
Unit 04 她笑了。She smiles.
1.一般动词概述
我们已经认识了am、is、are这些be动词的用法和基本句型,现在要来认识英语中另外一种动词,也就是所谓的“一般动词”。举凡跑步、工作、飞、唱歌等能够表达主语本身所做的动作的词,通称一般动词。这些动词的陈述句和be动词的陈述句大同小异。
2.一般动词的陈述句型
主语+动词(+宾语)....
因为主语的单复数不同,动词要做相对应的变化。
主
词
动 词
第一人称、第二人称、第三人称复数
复数动词(动词原形)
者,如I、You、They、We、My brother
and sister等。
第三人称单数者,如She、He、It、That
单数动词(动词原形+s es)
girl等。
当主语是第三人称单数时动词用单数形式;其余人称当主语时,都是用复数形式。
范例
The sun sets in the west.
日落西方。
The needle drops.
缝衣针掉了。
Flowers blossom.
花都开了。
Our plan fails.
我们的计划失败了。
Chien-ming Wang pitches.
王建民投球。
The spider spins its web.
蜘蛛结网。
History repeats itself.
历史重演。
精选短文
I study in the third year. I get up at seven o''clock in the morning
and go to school at half past seven. But my mother always gets up
at six o''clock because she has to prepare breakfast for us. Then
she goes out with me. She works in a factory. I love my mother very
much.
我就读小学三年级。我早上七点起床,七点半去上学。但是我妈妈总是六点就起床,因为她要为我们准备早餐。之后她和我一起出门。她在一家工厂工作。我非常爱我的妈妈。
Chapter 6绝对要学、绝对管用的特殊用法
范例
I stopped to do my homework when my mother came home.
当妈妈回家时,我停下来去做家庭作业。
When she heard someone knocking at the door, she stopped to
listen.
当她听见有人敲门时,她停下手边的动作仔细聆听。
I stopped watching TV and began to do my homework when my mother
came home.
当妈妈回家时,我停止看电视并开始做家庭作业。
3.remember(记得)
remember+to-V表示记得要去做某事,有未做、将做之意。
remember+V-ing表示记得做过某事,有已做、完成之意。
范例
Remember to send this letter for me.(还没寄)
记得帮我把这封信寄出去。
Don''t you remember meeting me before?(有见过)
难道你忘记之前见过我吗?
He remembers having finished the book.(已经完成)
他记得已经完成了那本书。
Don''t worry, I do remember to lend you my ipad.(还没借)
不要担心,我记得要把我的平板计算机借给你。
4.forget(忘记)
forget+to-V是指忘记要去做某事,动作尚未做过。
forget+V-ing是指忘记做过某事,动作已经做过。
范例
I forgot to call my parents after I had arrived at school.
到学校之后我忘记要打电话给爸妈了。
I forgot calling my parents after I had arrived at school.
到学校之后,我忘记我已打过电话给父母了。
She sometimes forgets to pay back the money she has borrowed
before.
她有时候会忘记要还她之前借的钱。
She sometimes forgets paying back the money she has borrowed
before.
她有时候会忘记她已经还了之前借的钱。
范例
After dinner we begin to wash clothes.
=After dinner we begin washing clothes.
吃完晚饭后我们开始洗衣服。
Have you started to prepare for the exam?
你已经开始在准备考试了吗?
重点提示
begin和start后只能接不定式的三种情况如下。
①begin和start本身是进行式时。
We are beginning to wash clothes.
我们正准备要洗衣服。
They were starting to read the text.
他们开始读课文。
②主语是事物而不是人时。
Snow begins to fall.
开始下雪了。
The sun starts to rise.
太阳开始升起来了。
③begin和start后的动词与意识、感情有关时。
I start to remember who that man is.
我开始记起来那个男的是谁了。
The teacher begins to realize that he is wrong.
老师开始意识到他是错的。
6.try(试图;努力)
try+to-V表示努力;设法;企图做某事,可能费力或有困难。
try+V-ing表示试验;试一试某种办法,有试用某种方法看它的效果。
范例
The lawyer tried to prove the accused innocent.
那个律师设法证明被告的清白。
She tries forgetting her former boyfriend by all possible
ways.
她用尽一切可能的办法要忘记她的前男友。
I tried to catch up with my classmates in English but I
failed.
我努力要在英语方面赶上我的同学,但我还是失败了。
The technicians try driving the new cars and see whether they work
well.
技师们试着开动新车,看它们是否运转良好。
7.learn(学习;学会)
learn+to-V意为“学会做某事”。
learn+V-ing意为“学习做某事”,有可能还没有学会。
范例
I learnt to swim last summer vacation.
去年暑假我学会了游泳。
I learnt swimming last summer vacation.
去年暑假我在学习游泳。
She has learned to cook under her mother''s instruction.
在妈妈的指导下她学会了做饭。
She has learned cooking under her mother''s instruction.
在妈妈的指导下她学习做饭。
8.mean(意味;打算)
mean+to-V是指打算;想要;有意要……。
mean+V-ing是指意味着;意思是。
范例
Without dreams means living without goals.
没有梦想就意味着生活没有目标。
To violate the law means destroying citizens'' rights.
违反法律就意味着损害人民的权利。
The disabled girl means to travel around the country, but she could
not do that alone.
那个行动不便的女孩想到全国各处旅游,但是她一个人办不到。
9.prefer(更喜欢)
prefer后可接不定式或动名词,但意思不变。类似
prefer的动词还有like、love、hate等。若表示经常性或抽象的动作,多用动名词作宾语;若指特定的或具体的行动,则常用不定式作宾语。
prefer+to-V表示具体的、更喜欢做的事。
prefer+V-ing表示经常性、习惯性地更喜欢做某事。
范例
I prefer walking to cycling, but today I prefer to cycle.
我平常喜欢步行更甚于骑脚踏车,但今天我比较想要骑脚踏车。
She likes playing chess, but she doesn''t liketo play chess with you
today.
她喜欢下象棋,但她今天不想和你下。
He loves traveling, but this summer he does not love to travel for
it is too hot.
他爱好旅行,但这个夏天他不爱旅行,因为天气太热。
10.chance(偶尔发生;冒险)
chance+to-V是指碰巧做某事。
chance+V-ing是指冒险试试,碰碰运气。
范例
We chanced to see you when you called us.
当你打电话给我们时,我们碰巧来看你。
The girl chanced jumping over that height but she failed.
女孩冒险要跳过那个高度,但是她失败了。
范例
The student regrets lying to his teacher.
学生很后悔对老师撒了谎。
I regret to disturb you but I need to talk to you now.
我很抱歉打扰你,但我现在需要和你谈谈。
She regretted to call that boy''s parents for his bad
behavior.
要跟男孩的双亲电话连络男孩的不良行为,让她感到很抱歉。