Linda Elder:教育心理学专家、思辨研究专家,在美国多所大学任教,主要教授课程为教育心理学、思辨能力培养;思辨研究协会会长、思辨中心执行主任。Richard Paul:思辨研究专家,国际思辨研究运动主要负责人,已发表200余篇与思辨研究相关的论文、出版11部论述思辨研究的著作。
目錄:
Letter to the Reader..........iii
Introduction: The Power of Essential Questions..........1
Part One: Analytic Questions..........3
Questioning the Structure of Thinking..........3
Three Kinds of Questions..........6
Asking One System, No System, and Conflicting System Questions..........7
Questioning Dogmatic Absolutism and Subjective Relativism..........8
Questioning Concepts..........9
Conceptual Tools for Conceptual Questions..........11
Questioning Data, Information, and Experience..........13
Questioning Questions: Identifying Prior Questions..........14
Asking Complex Interdisciplinary Questions..........15
Interdisciplinary Questions: An Example..........16
Questioning in Decision-Making and Problem-Solving..........17
Guidelines and Guideline Questions for Effective Problem-Solving..........19
Part Two: Evaluative Questions..........20
Determining Value, Merit, and Worth..........20
Evaluating Reasoning Overall..........21
Evaluating Reasoning The Parts..........23
Questioning Clarity and Precision..........24
Questioning as We Read..........25
Questioning as We Write..........26
Asking Ethical Questions..........27
Questioning Bias and Propaganda..........30
Part Three: Questioning Within Academic Disciplines..........32
Questioning the Fundamental Logic of Academic Disciplines..........32
Applying the Elements of Reasoning to Questioning Within a Discipline..........34
Questioning the Status of Disciplines..........35
Questioning to Understand the Foundations of Academic Disciplines..........36
Part Four: Questioning for Self-Knowledge and Self-Development..........39
Questioning Ourselves as Learners..........39
Questioning Our Egocentrism..........41
Questioning Our Sociocentrism..........43
Questioning to Develop Intellectual Dispositions..........44
Socratic Thinking Is an Integrated, Disciplined Approach to Thinking..........4