《安防天下2——智能高清视频监控原理精解与最佳实践》 - 潘国辉[西刹子] - 清华大学出版社 - 香港大書城

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『簡體書』安防天下2——智能高清视频监控原理精解与最佳实践

書城自編碼： 2397427
分類：簡體書→大陸圖書→計算機/網絡→信息安全
作者：潘国辉[西刹子]
國際書號(ISBN)： 9787302356257
出版社：清华大学出版社
出版日期： 2014-06-01
版次： 1 印次： 1
頁數/字數： 786/1264
書度/開本： 16开釘裝：平装

售價：HK$ 257.4

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編輯推薦：

随着云计算存储、大数据、物联网、移动互联网等新技术的推进，安防领域也有了翻天覆地的变化，本书第一版创造了“安防领域第一书”的口碑，4年过去，仍然保持火热销售态势，然而，如前所述，安防领域的技术有了很多革命性突破，为此，本书针对最前沿、最实用的新技术、新方案，并添加了作者最近4年积累的最新案例，同时删除了一些过时的内容及案例，形成了这本《安防天下2》。无论从技术上、思维上还是高度上，都比本书上一版有了质的飞跃。希望能为本行业的读者提供实实在在的参考。

清华大学出版社
栾大成

內容簡介：

本书是具有多年行业经验的安防专业人士呈现的“诚意之作”，其目的在于和行业朋友分享、交流、探讨“智能高清视频监控系统”的原理、应用、产品、技术发展趋势等。本书的内容涉及了模拟视频监控系统、编码压缩、DVR、DVS、IPC、NVR、视频分析、高清IP摄像机、视频传输、CMS、视频存储、解码显示、大屏幕、PSIM、物联网、云计算、大数据、数字高清摄像机、模拟高清摄像机、镜头等各个方面，并辅有大量的相关应用案例供读者参考，以期让读者更好地理解和应用。
本书共分19章，第1章是概述部分，第2章简单介绍了模拟电视监控系统，第3～7章分别介绍了编码压缩技术、DVR技术、DVS技术、NVR技术、IPC技术，第8章介绍了高清监控系统，第9章介绍了视频内容分析技术，第10章介绍了网络传输系统，第11章介绍了CMS技术，第12章介绍了存储系统，第13章介绍了解码显示，第14章介绍了智能网络视频监控系统实战应用，第15章是智能网络视频监控系统相关案例的介绍，第16章介绍了PSIM技术，第17章介绍了物联网相关技术，第18章介绍了云计算相关技术，第19章介绍了大数据相关技术及其与视频监控的结合应用。
本书适合初学者或者有一定行业经验的读者阅读，特别适合“弱电、安全防范、视频监控、物联网”相关从业人员作为入门及深入学习的参考。

關於作者：

潘国辉，网名“西刹子”，现居北京，国家首批一级建造师，2000年毕业于沈阳建筑工程学院工业自动化专业，具有13年安全防范与视频监控从业经验。曾经服务于SIEMENS、TYCO、NICE等公司，具有大量的机场、铁路、地铁、平安城市、智能楼宇等安防项目的规划设计实施调试服务经验，目前在一家跨国公司任职高级安防经理，全面负责公司安防系统规划、设计、运维、管理、应急响应、风险控制、培训等。曾先后在国内多个主流安防杂志上发表过大量论文，个人网站（www.sas123.cn“安天下”），口号是“安防天下、服务万家”，旨在与业内朋友分享、交流、探讨安防行业的新技术、新产品及应用。

读者在阅读本书的过程中若遇到疑问或难题，或对这本书有任何意见和建议，可以发送E-mail至xichazi@126.com，或者登录www.sas123.cn进行讨论或寻求支持。

西刹子微信号：xichazi

第1章视频监控技术概述················· 1

1.1 引子·························································· 2

1.1.1 安全防范的雏形······························· 2

1.1.2 网络视频监控··································· 2

1.1.3 智能视频识别··································· 2

1.1.4 智能网络视频监控··························· 3

1.1.5 高清视频监控··································· 3

1.1.6 云视频监控······································· 4

1.2 视频监控技术发展过程·························· 4

1.2.1 模拟视频监控时代··························· 5

1.2.2 数字视频监控时代··························· 7

1.2.3 智能网络视频监控时代··················· 8

1.2.4 高清视频监控时代··························· 9

1.3 视频监控的核心技术······························ 9

1.3.1 光学成像器件··································· 9

1.3.2 视频编码压缩算法··························· 10

1.3.3 视频编码压缩芯片··························· 10

1.3.4 视频管理平台··································· 11

1.4 视频监控的发展方向······························ 11

1.5 智能网络视频监控概念·························· 13

1.5.1 本书内容、范围说明······················· 13

1.5.2 本书术语、缩写说明······················· 13

1.5.3 本书内容拓扑结构图······················· 15

第2章模拟视频监控系统················· 17

2.1 模拟监控系统的构成······························ 18

2.2 视频采集设备·········································· 19

2.2.1 摄像机相关技术······························· 19

2.2.2 镜头相关介绍··································· 24

2.2.3 防护罩··············································· 28

2.2.4 云台及解码器··································· 29

2.2.5 一体球型摄像机······························· 30

2.3 信号传输设备·········································· 33

2.3.1 视频信号的传输······························· 33

2.3.2 视频分配器······································· 35

2.3.3 控制信号的传输······························· 35

2.3.4 系统供电··········································· 35

2.4 矩阵控制设备·········································· 36

2.4.1 矩阵工作原理··································· 36

2.4.2 矩阵的主要功能······························· 37

2.4.3
PTZ控制原理··································· 38

2.4.4 控制键盘介绍··································· 38

2.5 显示与录像设备······································ 39

2.5.1 多画面处理器··································· 39

2.5.2 图像显示设备··································· 41

2.5.3 长延时录像机··································· 42

2.6 夜视技术及应用······································ 42

2.6.1 主动红外摄像机······························· 42

2.6.2 激光夜视技术··································· 44

2.6.3 被动红外夜视··································· 45

2.6.4 透雾摄像机······································· 46

2.7 闭路电视监控系统设计·························· 47

2.7.1 系统需求分析··································· 47

2.7.2 摄像机的选型··································· 49

2.7.3 镜头的选型······································· 51

2.7.4 矩阵的选型······································· 51

2.8 本章小结·················································· 52

第3章视频编码压缩技术················· 53

3.1 多媒体技术基础······································ 54

3.1.1 图像的色彩模型······························· 54

3.1.2 图像的色彩空间变换······················· 57

3.1.3 图像的基本属性······························· 58

3.1.4 图像的格式与质量··························· 59

3.1.5 数据压缩方法··································· 60

3.2 静态图像压缩技术·································· 64

3.2.1 色相变换过程··································· 65

3.2.2 区块切割与采样······························· 66

3.2.3 离散余弦DCT变换························· 68

3.2.4 量化过程介绍··································· 69

3.2.5 Z字形编码过程································ 71

3.2.6 DC系数及AC系数编码················· 72

3.2.7 熵编码介绍······································· 73

3.2.8 JPEG数据流介绍····························· 73

3.2.9 JPEG解压缩过程····························· 73

3.3 视频动态图像编码压缩······················· 74

3.3.1 视频压缩的必要性··························· 74

3.3.2 视频压缩的可行性··························· 75

3.3.3 图像格式说明··································· 75

3.3.4 逐行扫描与隔行扫描······················· 79

3.3.5 帧率、码流与分辨率······················· 80

3.3.6 视频编码模型··································· 81

3.3.7 运动补偿技术介绍··························· 82

3.4 主流视频编码技术·································· 83

3.4.1 MJPEG编码压缩····························· 84

3.4.2 MPEG-1技术介绍···························· 85

3.4.3 MPEG-2技术介绍···························· 90

3.4.4 MPEG-4技术介绍···························· 91

3.4.5 H.264技术说明································ 96

3.4.6 H.265编码技术································ 98

3.4.7 视频编解码技术应用······················· 103

3.5 本章小结·················································· 105

第4章硬盘录像机DVR技术············ 107

4.1 DVR产品介绍········································ 108

4.1.1 DVR发展历史·································· 108

4.1.2 DVR工作原理·································· 109

4.1.3 软压缩与硬压缩······························· 110

4.1.4 DVR芯片介绍·································· 111

4.1.5 DVR的录像文件管理······················ 113

4.1.6 DVR配置及接口······························ 114

4.1.7 DVR的关键技术······························ 117

4.1.8 DVR术语介绍·································· 118

4.2 DVR软硬件构成···································· 119

4.2.1 嵌入式DVR······································ 119

4.2.2
PC式DVR········································ 122

4.2.3 嵌入式对比PC式DVR··················· 123

4.3 DVR应用软件功能································ 125

4.3.1 设备配置及管理······························· 126

4.3.2 录像管理··········································· 126

4.3.3 报警管理··········································· 127

4.3.4 视频存储与备份······························· 127

4.3.5 视频浏览与回放······························· 128

4.3.6 设备网管维护··································· 129

4.3.7 用户的管理······································· 129

4.3.8 用户操作日志审计··························· 130

4.4 DVR的应用架构···································· 130

4.4.1 单机工作模式··································· 130

4.4.2 模数混合架构··································· 131

4.4.3 多机联网模式··································· 132

4.5 DVR的亮点功能···································· 136

4.5.1 DVR的多码流技术·························· 136

4.5.2 视频分析技术应用··························· 138

4.5.3 混合DVR技术································· 139

4.5.4 智能检索与回放······························· 140

4.5.5 场景重组技术··································· 141

4.5.6 视频加密技术··································· 142

4.6 DVR产品选型········································ 142

4.7 DVR的常见故障···································· 145

4.7.1
PC式DVR的常见故障··················· 145

4.7.2 嵌入式DVR的常见故障················· 145

4.8 DVR应用案例········································ 146

4.8.1 DVR带宽设计·································· 146

4.8.2 DVR存储设计·································· 148

4.9 DVR设置与操作···································· 148

4.9.1 DVR的系统设置······························ 149

4.9.2 DVR的应用操作······························ 153

4.10 DVR的远程访问·································· 155

4.10.1 流媒体服务····································· 156

4.10.2 DVR的公网配置···························· 158

4.10.3 DVR的转码应用···························· 161

4.11 本章小结················································ 162

第5章视频编码器技术···················· 163

5.1 DVS产品介绍········································· 164

5.1.1 DVS发展历程·································· 164

5.1.2 DVS对比DVR································ 165

5.1.3 DVS的工作原理······························ 166

5.2 DVS产品软硬件构成····························· 168

5.2.1 DVS硬件构成·································· 168

5.2.2 DVS软件构成·································· 169

5.3 DVS系统应用架构································· 172

5.3.1 矩阵+DVS混合架构························ 172

5.3.2 DVS+NVR架构······························· 173

5.4 DVS的亮点功能····································· 174

5.4.1 DVS的ANR技术··························· 174

5.4.2 DVS冗余技术·································· 176

5.4.3 DVS的多码流技术·························· 177

5.4.4 DVS的PoE技术····························· 178

5.4.5 DVS的音频功能······························ 179

5.4.6 DVS组播应用·································· 180

5.4.7 带视频分析功能的DVS·················· 181

5.5 DVS产品选型········································· 182

5.5.1 DVS的主要参数······························ 182

5.5.2 DVS产品的架构······························ 182

5.5.3 编码压缩方式··································· 182

5.5.4 视频分析功能··································· 183

5.5.5 各类接口资源··································· 183

5.5.6 标准化与开放性······························· 184

5.5.7 设备的稳定性··································· 184

5.6 DVS的集成整合····································· 185

5.6.1 DVS的SDK集成···························· 185

5.6.2 DVS的SDK功能···························· 186

5.7 DVS设置与应用····································· 187

5.7.1 DVS工作流程·································· 187

5.7.2 DVS码流分析·································· 188

5.7.3 DVS主要参数说明·························· 189

5.7.4 DVS配置过程·································· 190

5.8 SDI-DVS产品介绍································· 192

5.9 DVS常见故障及公网接入····················· 193

5.10 本章小结················································ 194

第6章网络录像机NVR技术············ 195

6.1 NVR产品介绍········································ 196

6.1.1 NVR的功能角色······························ 196

6.1.2 NVR的功能模块······························ 197

6.1.3 NVR对比DVR································ 198

6.1.4
PC式与嵌入式NVR························ 200

6.2 NVR的技术指标···································· 202

6.2.1 NVR的平台需求······························ 202

6.2.2 NVR的瓶颈分析······························ 203

6.2.3 NVR的软件功能······························ 205

6.2.4 NVR的兼容性·································· 212

6.3 NVR产品亮点功能································ 212

6.3.1 视频中间件技术应用······················· 212

6.3.2
ANR技术·········································· 214

6.3.3 NVR冗余技术·································· 215

6.3.4 视频标签功能··································· 216

6.3.5 带视频分析功能的NVR·················· 216

6.3.6 软件的进程隔离技术······················· 216

6.3.7 软件定制化设计······························· 217

6.4 NVR产品选型要点································ 217

6.4.1 NVR典型参数·································· 217

6.4.2 NVR产品选型·································· 217

6.5 NVR应用案例分析································ 219

6.5.1 需求分析··········································· 219

6.5.2 网络带宽设计··································· 221

6.5.3 NVR存储设计·································· 222

6.6 NVR的ONVIF接入······························ 223

6.7 本章小结·················································· 225

第7章网络摄像机IPC技术············ 227

7.1 IPC产品介绍··········································· 228

7.1.1 IPC的定义········································ 228

7.1.2 IPC的主要功能································ 229

7.1.3 IPC的分类········································ 230

7.1.4 IPC的优势········································ 231

7.1.5 IPC的常用术语介绍························ 234

7.2 IPC的组成及工作原理··························· 235

7.2.1 IPC的硬件构成································ 235

7.2.2 IPC的软件构成································ 238

7.2.3 IPC的工作原理································ 239

7.3 IPC数据的网络传输······························· 239

7.3.1 网络传输协议介绍··························· 240

7.3.2 视音频流的传输······························· 241

7.3.3 控制信号的传输······························· 242

7.4 IPC的核心技术······································· 242

7.4.1 光学成像技术··································· 243

7.4.2 视频编码算法··································· 243

7.4.3 编码压缩芯片··································· 244

7.4.4 视频分析技术··································· 244

7.5 IPC的亮点功能······································· 246

7.5.1 IPC的3G4G功能··························· 246

7.5.2
PoE技术············································ 247

7.5.3 本地缓存功能··································· 248

7.5.4 DDNS支持······································· 248

7.5.5 IPC的安全通信································ 249

7.5.6 报警改变帧率技术··························· 250

7.5.7 IPC的多码流技术···························· 251

7.5.8 视频质量控制QoS··························· 252

7.5.9 视频移动探测··································· 253

7.6 IPC的选型要点······································· 253

7.6.1 IPC的主要参数································ 253

7.6.2 图像质量··········································· 253

7.6.3 网络适应性······································· 254

7.6.4 编码压缩算法··································· 254

7.6.5 系统安装与升级······························· 254

7.6.6 产品许可授权方式··························· 255

7.6.7 二次开发与集成······························· 255

7.6.8 厂商产品线考察······························· 255

7.7 IPC的应用设计······································· 256

7.7.1 需求分析··········································· 256

7.7.2 系统架构··········································· 258

7.7.3 带宽与存储设计······························· 258

7.7.4 系统的主要功能······························· 259

7.8 IPC的参数设置······································· 260

7.8.1 设置前的准备工作··························· 260

7.8.2 IP地址设置······································· 261

7.8.3 视频流参数······································· 262

7.8.4 摄像机图像参数设置······················· 263

7.8.5 事件参数设置··································· 264

7.8.6 系统设备维护功能··························· 265

7.9 本章小结·················································· 266

第8章高清视频监控技术················· 267

8.1 高清监控概述·········································· 268

8.1.1 高清监控目前格局··························· 268

8.1.2 IP高清与HD-SDI对比··················· 269

8.2 960H高清技术········································ 271

8.2.1EFFIO方案介绍······························· 272

8.2.2 960H高清的优势····························· 272

8.3 HDCVI高清技术···································· 273

8.3.1 HDCVI技术说明····························· 273

8.3.2 HDCVI摄像机方案························· 274

8.3.3 HDCVI高清与其他技术对比········· 275

8.3.4 HDCVI高清应用····························· 275

8.4 HD-SDI高清技术··································· 276

8.4.1 SDI标准说明···································· 276

8.4.2 HD-SDI系统原理···························· 277

8.4.3 HD-CCTV标准介绍························ 278

8.4.4 HD-CCTV技术优势························ 279

8.4.5 HD-CCTV设备································ 279

8.4.6 HD-CCTV系统架构························ 282

8.4.7 HD-CCTV应用注意事项················ 283

8.5 IP高清技术············································· 284

8.5.1 高清电视HDTV标准····················· 284

8.5.2 高清IPC的概念······························· 285

8.5.3 高清IPC的优势······························· 286

8.6 高清IPC的关键技术······························ 291

8.6.1 高清配套镜头··································· 291

8.6.2 图像传感器······································· 291

8.6.3 图像灵敏度问题······························· 291

8.6.4 编码压缩算法··································· 292

8.6.5 高清信号传输··································· 292

8.6.6 视频管理平台支持··························· 292

8.6.7 高清信号显示··································· 293

8.7 高清IPC的亮点功能······························ 293

8.7.1 日夜监视功能··································· 293

8.7.2 宽动态范围WDR··························· 293

8.7.3 摄像机的“走廊模式”························ 294

8.7.4 觅光者技术······································· 294

8.8 高清IPC的障碍······································ 295

8.8.1 高带宽占用······································· 295

8.8.2 海量存储问题··································· 295

8.8.3 高成本问题······································· 295

8.9 高清IPC的应用······································ 296

8.9.1 需求分析··········································· 296

8.9.2 像素密度··········································· 296

8.9.3 摄像机选型······································· 301

8.9.4 系统架构说明··································· 302

8.9.5 视频传输与存储······························· 303

8.10 高清IPC的设置···································· 303

8.11 高清镜头················································ 308

8.11.1 高清镜头的重要性························· 308

8.11.2 镜头的像差与色差························· 309

8.11.3 镜头MTF曲线说明······················· 313

8.11.4 日夜镜头技术································· 317

8.11.5 非球面镜头技术····························· 318

8.11.6 镜头镀膜技术································· 318

8.11.7 高清镜头的选用····························· 319

8.11.8 镜头的关键指标说明····················· 320

8.12 本章小结················································ 321

第9章视频内容分析VCA技术········ 323

9.1 视频分析技术说明·································· 324

9.1.1 视频内容分析技术背景··················· 324

9.1.2 视频分析实现的功能······················· 325

9.1.3 视频数据结构介绍··························· 327

9.2 VMD技术介绍······································· 329

9.2.1 VMD技术原理介绍························· 329

9.2.2 VMD技术的缺陷····························· 329

9.3 VCA技术介绍········································ 330

9.3.1 VCA技术的原理······························ 330

9.3.2 VCA技术的突破······························ 330

9.3.3 VCA的关键技术······························ 332

9.4 视频分析工作机制·································· 333

9.4.1 视频分析软件框架··························· 333

9.4.2 视频分析的工作流··························· 334

9.4.3 视频分析算法模块··························· 335

9.4.4 视频分析过程··································· 337

9.5 视频分析技术难点·································· 340

9.5.1 环境因素··········································· 340

9.5.2 视频场景相关因素··························· 340

9.5.3 平台及芯片的限制··························· 341

9.5.4 成像因素··········································· 342

9.6 视频分析系统架构·································· 343

9.6.1 前端独立单元··································· 343

9.6.2 后端服务器方式······························· 344

9.6.3 智能DVS或IPC······························ 345

9.6.4 前后端混合架构······························· 346

9.6.5 目前的架构情况······························· 347

9.7 视频分析的主要应用······························ 348

9.7.1 安全类应用······································· 348

9.7.2 非安全类应用··································· 352

9.7.3 视频诊断技术··································· 354

9.7.4 特色功能介绍··································· 357

9.8 视频分析软件及设置······························ 359

9.8.1 视频分析设置程序··························· 359

9.8.2 VCA设置过程举例·························· 360

9.9 视频分析技术实施·································· 363

9.9.1 视频分析实施流程··························· 363

9.9.2 摄像机部署要点······························· 364

9.9.3 VCA效果评定·································· 364

9.10 视频分析产品选型································ 365

9.10.1 算法实现方式································· 366

9.10.2 系统架构········································· 366

9.10.3 集成性与易用性····························· 366

9.11 视频摘要与检索···································· 367

9.11.1 需求背景········································· 367

9.11.2 视频摘要技术································· 368

9.11.3 视频检索应用································· 371

9.12 本章小结················································ 373

第10章网络视频传输与交换············ 375

10.1 网络视频监控系统的特点···················· 376

10.1.1 网络视频监控系统的结构············· 376

10.1.2 MPEG-4技术说明·························· 377

10.1.3 系统中的视频传输························· 378

10.2 网络传输协议介绍································ 378

10.2.1 OSI模型介绍·································· 378

10.2.2 传输层介绍····································· 382

10.2.3 TCP与UDP协议··························· 384

10.2.4 RTP与RTCP协议·························· 387

10.2.5 RTSP与RTVP简介······················· 389

10.2.6 网管协议SNMP····························· 390

10.3 视频监控系统的数据传输···················· 390

10.3.1 网络视频监控数据流····················· 390

10.3.2 视频流的编码································· 392

10.3.3 RTP打包过程································· 392

10.3.4 视频流封装过程····························· 393

10.3.5 视频封装格式································· 393

10.3.6 视频传输过程································· 394

10.3.7 网络性能参数说明························· 394

10.4 组播技术介绍········································ 397

10.4.1 单播、组播与广播························· 397

10.4.2 组播在视频监控中的应用············· 400

10.5 流媒体技术在视频监控中的应用········ 402

10.5.1 视频监控系统需求分析················· 402

10.5.2 流媒体概念····································· 403

10.5.3 流媒体在视频监控中的应用········· 405

10.6 SIP协议介绍········································· 406

10.6.1信道分离技术································· 406

10.6.2 SIP架构下的数据传输·················· 407

10.7 交换机相关技术···································· 409

10.7.1 交换机主要参数····························· 409

10.7.2 监控系统网络拓扑························· 411

10.7.3 前端设备接入································· 412

10.7.4 监控系统网络规划························· 414

10.8 无线相关技术········································ 419

10.9 EPON技术············································ 422

10.9.1 EPON概念······································ 422

10.9.2 基于EPON的视频传输················· 425

10.10 视频互联互通······································ 426

10.10.1 视频互联互通的意义··················· 426

10.10.2 视频互联互通的方式··················· 426

10.10.3 ONVIF及PSIA介绍··················· 426

10.11 本章小结·············································· 428

第11章中央管理软件CMS············· 429

11.1 CMS介绍·············································· 430

11.1.1 CMS的定义···································· 430

11.1.2 CMS的发展历程···························· 431

11.1.3 CMS的发展方向···························· 437

11.2 CMS的原理及组成······························ 439

11.2.1 CMS的结构···································· 439

11.2.2 CMS的组成···································· 439

11.2.3 CMS的工作流程···························· 449

11.3 CMS的主流架构·································· 452

11.3.1 完全集中型····································· 452

11.3.2 完全分散型····································· 453

11.3.3 多级CMS架构······························· 454

11.4 CMS的客户软件功能·························· 454

11.4.1 设备管理模块································· 455

11.4.2 视频操作模块································· 457

11.4.3 事件调查与用户审计····················· 463

11.4.4 报警管理功能································· 464

11.4.5 系统诊断与维护····························· 465

11.4.6 用户权限管理································· 466

11.5 CMS的增强功能·································· 468

11.5.1 CMS服务器冗余···························· 468

11.5.2 冗余NVR机制······························· 471

11.5.3 网络冗余机制································· 471

11.5.4 安全登录功能································· 472

11.6 CMS的特色功能·································· 472

11.6.1 智能回放检索技术························· 472

11.6.2 多路图像拼接································· 474

11.6.3 应急预案功能································· 475

11.6.4 视频时间链表································· 476

11.6.5 视频编辑器····································· 477

11.6.6 模糊索引功能································· 477

11.7 CMS平台的考核·································· 477

11.7.1 平台稳定性····································· 477

11.7.2 系统可扩展性································· 478

11.7.3 系统兼容性····································· 478

11.7.4 系统升级········································· 479

11.7.5 系统安全性····································· 479

11.7.6 CMS的维护···································· 480

11.7.7 系统容量支持································· 480

11.7.8 系统管理及维护····························· 484

11.7.9 良好的人机界面····························· 485

11.8 视频监控系统的集成···························· 486

11.8.1 系统集成的意义····························· 486

11.8.2 硬件集成方式································· 486

11.8.3 SDK方式集成································ 487

11.8.4 视频转码技术介绍························· 491

11.9 相关标准················································ 492

11.9.1 ONVIF规范···································· 493

11.9.2 GBT28181标准····························· 496

11.10 本章小结·············································· 498

第12章视频监控系统存储应用········ 499

12.1 存储基础知识········································ 500

12.1.1 计算机IO技术······························ 500

12.1.2 磁盘结构与原理····························· 501

12.1.3 硬盘接口技术································· 504

12.1.4 磁盘阵列技术································· 507

12.1.5 磁盘IOPS及带宽·························· 509

12.1.6 磁盘的性能测试····························· 510

12.2 RAID技术介绍····································· 513

12.2.1 RAID技术基础······························ 513

12.2.2 RAID0技术介绍···························· 517

12.2.3 RAID1技术介绍···························· 519

12.2.4 RAID2技术介绍···························· 520

12.2.5 RAID3技术介绍···························· 520

12.2.6 RAID4技术介绍···························· 521

12.2.7 RAID5技术介绍···························· 522

12.2.8 RAID技术的比较·························· 523

12.3 DAS、NAS和SAN····························· 523

12.3.1 存储系统架构的发展····················· 523

12.3.2 DAS技术········································ 525

12.3.3 NAS技术········································ 527

12.3.4 SAN技术········································ 530

12.3.5 iSCSI技术······································· 532

12.3.6 存储架构比较································· 534

12.4 视频监控中的存储应用························ 537

12.4.1 视频监控存储特点························· 537

12.4.2 视频监控存储需求························· 540

12.4.3 视频存储的瓶颈说明····················· 544

12.4.4 视频存储的主要架构····················· 546

12.4.5 视频数据归档备份························· 552

12.4.6 视频存储设计部署························· 554

12.4.7 视频存储应用案例一····················· 556

12.4.8 视频存储应用案例二····················· 558

12.5 视频存储系统的扩容···························· 560

12.5.1 DVR系统存储扩容························ 560

12.5.2 NVR系统存储扩容························ 561

12.5.3 存储扩展注意事项························· 561

12.6 云存储应用············································ 561

12.6.1 云存储的概念································· 562

12.6.2 云存储的发展基础························· 563

12.6.3 云存储系统的结构模型················· 563

12.6.4 视频云存储的关键技术················· 564

12.6.5 平安城市视频云存储的探索········· 565

12.6.6 EMC虚拟化安防解决方案············ 567

12.7 本章小结················································ 569

第13章视频解码与图像显示·········· 571

13.1 监视器···················································· 572

13.1.1 监视器的分类································· 572

13.1.2 CRT与LCD监视器······················· 573

13.2 视频解码器············································ 573

13.2.1 硬解码器········································· 573

13.2.2 软解码器········································· 574

13.2.3 万能解码器····································· 575

13.2.4 解码器的考核点····························· 575

13.3 控制中心应用········································ 576

13.3.1 系统架构配置································· 577

13.3.2 控制室操作应用····························· 578

13.4 大屏幕拼接技术···································· 580

13.4.1 大屏幕拼接系统构成····················· 581

13.4.2 DLP大屏幕系统····························· 582

13.4.3 LCD大屏幕系统···························· 584

13.4.4 拼接技术比较································· 585

13.5 本章小结················································ 586

第14章智能网络高清视频系统实战 587

14.1 智能网络高清视频系统设计················ 588

14.1.1 知识点回顾····································· 588

14.1.2 系统架构设计································· 591

14.1.3 系统稳定性考虑····························· 593

14.2 智能网络视频系统选型························ 594

14.2.1 视频编码系统································· 594

14.2.2 平台系统考核································· 595

14.2.3 视频内容分析系统························· 595

14.2.4 网络系统设计································· 596

14.2.5 存储系统设计································· 596

14.3 系统应用设计模拟一························· 597

14.3.1 项目需求分析································· 597

14.3.2 系统设计响应结论························· 599

14.4 系统应用设计模拟二························· 601

14.4.1 总体说明········································· 601

14.4.2 系统架构········································· 602

14.5 本章小结················································ 607

第15章高清监控的行业的应用········ 609

15.1 高铁智能网络视频监控系统················ 610

15.1.1 高铁项目简介································· 610

15.1.2 高铁视频监控系统的特点············· 610

15.1.3 高铁视频监控系统层次················· 611

15.1.4 高铁视频监控系统拓扑················· 613

15.1.5 高铁视频监控关键因素················· 614

15.1.6 视频分析技术的应用····················· 615

15.1.7 视频监控存储的考虑····················· 617

15.1.8 铁路视频监控的平台软件············· 617

15.2 机场智能网络视频监控应用················ 618

15.2.1 机场视频监控系统的特点············· 618

15.2.2 机场视频监控系统的架构············· 618

15.2.3 智能网络视频监控构成················· 621

15.2.4 视频监控系统关键因素················· 622

15.2.5 视频分析技术在机场的应用········· 623

15.2.6 机场视频监控系统的存储············· 623

15.2.7 机场视频监控的平台软件············· 624

15.3 平安城市视频监控系统应用················ 625

15.3.1 平安城市简介································· 625

15.3.2 平安城市视频监控的特点············· 626

15.3.3 平安城市监控主流架构················· 627

15.3.4 全球眼监控平台介绍····················· 630

15.3.5 某平安城市应用案例····················· 638

15.4 高速公路网络视频监控应用················ 642

15.4.1 需求分析········································· 643

15.4.2 系统构成········································· 644

15.5 金融联网视频监控应用························ 649

15.5.1 需求分析········································· 649

15.5.2 系统架构········································· 649

15.5.3 系统功能········································· 651

15.6 本章小结················································ 651

第16章物理安全信息管理（PSIM）

系统···································· 653

16.1 安防系统的集成需求···························· 654

16.1.1 安防系统集成的联动····················· 655

16.1.2 安防系统集成的方式····················· 656

16.2 IBMS系统············································· 660

16.3 物理安防信息管理PSIM系统············ 661

16.3.1 安防集成发展瓶颈························· 661

16.3.2 PSIM概念的提出··························· 662

16.3.3 SAS、IBMS及PSIM对比··········· 663

16.4 PSIM系统的七大特征························· 664

16.4.1 连接性和集成度····························· 665

16.4.2 实时政策及配置管理····················· 665

16.4.3 关联和验证····································· 665

16.4.4 可视化············································· 665

16.4.5 基于规则的工作流以响应事件····· 665

16.4.6 稳定性和冗余性····························· 666

16.4.7 事后报告和分析····························· 666

16.5 PSIM的价值体现································· 666

16.5.1 人员方面········································· 666

16.5.2 技术方面········································· 667

16.5.3 标准作业程序（SOP）方面·········· 667

16.6 PSIM系统的架构································· 668

16.6.1 数据采集及汇聚层························· 669

16.6.2 数据分析及关联层························· 669

16.6.3 信息展现及应用层························· 670

16.7 PSIM系统的核心功能························· 671

16.7.1 多系统集成功能····························· 671

16.7.2 预案功能········································· 672

16.7.3 平台指挥调度功能························· 673

16.8 PSIM的应用描述································· 674

16.9 PSIM的应用案例································· 675

16.9.1 PSIM的机场应用··························· 675

16.9.2 PSIM的车牌识别··························· 676

16.10 本章小结·············································· 677

第17章物联网与安防监控··············· 679

17.1 物联网的基本概念································ 680

17.1.1物联网的三大特征························· 680

17.1.2物联网的技术架构························· 681

17.1.3物联网的关键技术························· 683

17.1.4物联网的几大问题························· 685

17.1.5物联网的产业应用························· 686

17.2 物联网与建筑智能化···························· 687

17.2.1 建筑智能化构成····························· 688

17.2.2楼宇自动化····································· 689

17.2.3门禁控制系统································· 690

17.2.4物联网与智能建筑························· 692

17.3 [案例]物联网与机场周界入侵系统····· 693

17.3.1机场周界防范需求························· 693

17.3.2主流周界探测技术························· 694

17.3.3视频复核及跟踪····························· 696

17.3.4保安响应及配置····························· 696

17.3.5 物联网机场周界防入侵系统········· 696

17.4 视觉物联网概念及应用························ 701

17.4.1 视频监控发展历程························· 701

17.4.2 视觉物联网概念····························· 702

17.4.3 视觉物联网架构····························· 702

17.4.4 视觉物联网应用领域····················· 703

17.4.5 视觉物联网在机场周界的应用····· 708

17.5 本章小结················································ 709

第18章云计算与视频监控··············· 711

18.1 云计算···················································· 712

18.1.1 如何理解“云计算”·························· 712

18.1.2 云计算的定义································· 713

18.1.3 云计算VS传统IT方式················ 714

18.2 云计算的架构及特征···························· 714

18.2.1 云计算的架构································· 714

18.2.2 云计算的特征································· 716

18.3 虚拟化技术············································ 716

18.3.1 服务器虚拟化································· 717

18.3.2 VMware虚拟化技术······················ 718

18.3.3 服务器虚拟化的关键特性············· 720

18.3.4 服务器虚拟化的优势····················· 721

18.4 云计算体系架构···································· 722

18.5 云计算的障碍········································ 724

18.5.1 信息安全性····································· 724

18.5.2 数据交互安全································· 724

18.5.3 宕机问题········································· 725

18.5.4 云服务商的绑定问题····················· 725

18.6 云计算在视频监控的应用···················· 725

18.6.1 云视频监控系统····························· 726

18.6.2 云视频监控系统架构····················· 727

18.6.3 云视频监控的优势························· 729

18.6.4 云视频监控的障碍························· 730

18.7 云视频监控厂商生态···························· 730

18.8 云计算平台下的平安城市应用············ 732

18.9 国内外云视频监控应用案例················ 734

18.9.1 Trafficland交通监控······················· 734

18.9.2 Iveda Solutions································· 735

18.9.3 海康威视平安城市应用················· 736

18.10 本章小结·············································· 737

第19章大数据与视频监控··············· 739

19.1 大数据概述············································ 740

19.1.1 大数据的背景································· 740

19.1.2 大数据的定义································· 740

19.2 大数据相关技术···································· 741

19.2.1 非结构化数据································· 742

19.2.2 NoSQL数据库································ 743

19.2.3 并行处理技术································· 744

19.2.4 数据挖掘与分析····························· 744

19.2.5 云计算技术····································· 745

19.3 Hadoop··················································· 746

19.3.1 Google的启发································· 746

19.3.2 Hadoop概述···································· 747

19.3.3 Hadoop的基本架构························ 748

19.3.4 HDFS··············································· 750

19.3.5 MapReduce······································ 755

19.3.6 HBase··············································· 761

19.3.7 Zookeeper········································· 761

19.3.8 Hive·················································· 762

19.4 大数据的应用········································ 762

19.4.1 大数据的价值································· 762

19.4.2 大数据的行业应用························· 763

19.4.3 大数据应用挑战····························· 764

19.5 大数据与云计算···································· 765

19.6 大数据与视频监控································ 765

19.6.1 高清视频监控目前存在的问题····· 765

19.6.2 大数据视频监控优势····················· 766

19.6.3 面向大数据的视频监控系统········· 767

19.7 大数据的监控应用································ 768

19.7.1 基于云计算的视频监控架构········· 768

19.7.2 基于Hadoop的视频云存储··········· 769

19.7.3 基于Hadoop的视频分析··············· 772

19.7.4 基于Hadoop的视频转码··············· 777

19.8 本章小结················································ 778

附录：FAQ··········································· 779

参考文献············································· 783

內容試閱：

15.1 高铁智能网络视频监控系统
15.1.1
高铁项目简介
首先看看关于“高铁”的定义。国际通常将高速铁路定义在时速200公里以上，我国的高铁，即CRHChina
Railway High-speed，时速也定义在200公里以上。另外，我国又增加了“客运专线”的等级，客运专线是以客运为主的快速铁路，时速为200~350kmh。
高速铁路不同于一般的铁路系统，是一个系统化、集成化的大型工程，仅通信部门就涉及到10多个子系统，包括有线、数据、传输、调度、应急通信、视频监控等。高铁与普通铁路或地铁区别很大，例如地铁通常时速在60公里左右，列车间隔在3分钟左右，而高铁时速可能达到300公里，但时间间隔可能与地铁差不多，这就对高铁的通信指挥系统提出了更高的要求，同时，作为一个重要的辅助设施，对视频监控系统的相关要求也非常高。
15.1.2 高铁视频监控系统的特点
高铁的视频监控系统，要求采用先进的视频监控技术，基于铁路系统的IP网络，构建数字化、智能化、分布式的网络视频监控系统，满足公安、安监、客运、调度、车务、机务、工务、电务、车辆、供电等业务部门及防灾监控、救援抢险和应急管理等多种需求，实现视频网络资源和信息资源共享。
高铁的视频监控系统通常采用先进的视频编码及视频分析技术，实现低码流下高清晰视频图像采集、编码、传输、录像、转发及自动报警功能。指挥人员和警务人员通过自己工作区域内的大屏幕或电脑工作站可清楚地了解辖区和全线车站、区间、桥梁、路基、机房等重点区段和设备的情况，并迅速、准确地处置突发事件。
1. 高铁视频监控主要需求
n 路基、路口、桥梁、隧道、公跨铁、咽喉区的视频监视，保证车辆安全运行。
n 车站广场、站台、候车大厅、旅客通道等人流密集区域视频监视，了解旅客情况。
n 无人值守变电站等重要配电设备集中监控，及时了解设备运行情况。
n 对出现的紧急状况，如暴风雪、泥石流、洪水、交通意外等远程了解并及时反应。
n 应急指挥监控，将突发紧急事件的视频通过无线传输到控制中心。
高铁视频监控应用的具体设备包括摄像机多数是室外PTZ云台摄像机及室内外快球一体摄像机、编码器、硬盘录像机DVR、网络录像机NVR、中央管理平台CMS、视频分析设备VCA、解码显示及存储设备。
对高铁视频监控系统的总体要求是：安全、可靠、开放、可扩充等。做到技术先进、经济合理、实用可靠。
2. 高铁视频监控系统的建设难点
n 视频监控点位通常比较分散、跨度比较大，一般几百甚至上千公里。
n 视频监控摄像机需要户外工作，环境通常比较恶劣。
n 监控点多为室外高杆或钢架上安装，施工难度比较大。
n 视频采集、编解码及部分存储设备分散分布在无人值守机房，安装调试成本高。
n 用户数量众多，系统需要有良好的权限管理、视频流并发访问及转发能力支持。
n 视频分析环境复杂，风、霜、雨、雪、雾、摄像机抖动、灯光等干扰因素可能导致误报警。
3. 高铁综合视频监控系统的应用
综合视频监控系统应用主要包括：运营调度视频监控、公安视频监控、通信信号视频监控、牵引供电视频监控、电力供电视频监控等。并预留客运服务视频监控和防灾安全视频监控系统接入，具体业务和功能包括如下几个方面。
n 运营调度视频监控
实现对全线“公跨铁”立交桥的全天候远程实时监控，对落物发现、人员入侵、设备遗失等异常情况实施全天候监控，防止影响安全事故的发生；对各车站咽喉区实施视频监控，全天候监视列车进出站情况，对咽喉区的异物入侵、设备丢失等情况进行主动警示；对各车站行车情况实施视频监控。
n 通信信号视频监控部分
对各车站通信信号室、各信号中继站、GSM-R基站、维修工区的通信室等无人值守机房进行视频监控，通过与相关系统的配合，实现告警后触发相关视频的动作及联动。
n 变配电站视频监控
对全线开闭所、牵引变电所、AT所分区所等无人值守场所进行视频远程监控；对10kV配电所无人值守设备工作状态及场所进行远程视频监控。
n 客运服务视频监控
对全线车站重点场所以及其他相关场所进行视频监控。
15.1.3 高铁视频监控系统层次
高铁视频监控系统的特点决定了“数字网络视频监控系统”是最好的选择。通常，高铁视频监控系统分成三级节点，核心节点在铁道部或路局，有视频监控调用、汇总的需求；二级节点在各个路局客专调度，主要为分散分布的网络录像机NVR、硬盘录像机DVR、存储转发设备，同时也有大屏监控、网管、流媒体转发等需求；三级节点为各个车段站，负责视频的前端采集、编码等。
高铁视频监控系统层次结构如图15.1所示。

图15.1 高铁视频监控系统的层次结构
1 设备接入
n 视频采集、接入设备主要是指各类摄像机，一般机房监控、客运监控等场所为室内环境，可根据具体情况选择安装一体球型摄像机或固定摄像机；而室外环境包括大桥、隧道、铁路沿线等，通常环境非常恶劣，自然现象风、霜、雨、雪及高速列车带来的巨大震动等因素，都对摄像机质量、工艺、安装方式提出了严格的要求，远距离信号一般采用光纤传输。
2 三级节点
在各个站点，车辆段，安装部署编码器、硬盘录像机，实现视频的编码压缩和部分本地存储功能。由于前端设备分布广，因此系统稳定性是第一要素，系统的不稳定将会给后期维护工作带来巨大的压力。另外，设备需要具有远程维护能力，如远程升级，远程备份，远程启动等。对于变电机房、一般部署PTZ摄像机，可联动温感、烟感、水淹、门磁等探测器，对机房实施全面保护，因此，编码器或DVR的输入输出节点数目、联动功能都是需要考虑的。
3 二级节点
二级节点主要为铁路局，不同于三级节点单独的视频采集和简单视频浏览功能需求，二级节点存在大量的用户，对本区段的视频资源进行调用、回放、PTZ控制等。通常，在路局节点，一般设置多个客户端工作站、存储阵列、存储服务器、流媒体服务器、解码器、电视墙等终端，是系统真正的主干，也是应用的核心。二级节点是视频存储和视频流转发的核心环节，通常采用大规模的集中存储设备，如FC
SAN和DAS等；而部署流媒体服务器实现对来自三级节点的视频流向上转发功能。
4 一级节点
一级节点是系统的数据核心节点，注意是“数据核心节点”，而不是应用核心节点。一级节点一般在铁道部的数据中心或路局中心，相当于平安城市的城市公安局指挥中心。一级节点会连接各个高铁、铁路的视频系统，并根据需要，可有选择地调用、控制、回放各个铁路线的视频资源，一般设置中心管理服务器、工作站、归档备份服务器等。
15.1.4 高铁视频监控系统拓扑
典型高铁视频监控系统拓扑结构如图15.2所示，整个系统基于网络，实现视频的采集、编码压缩存储、转发及虚拟矩阵的功能。摄像机采集到视频信号，通过同轴电缆连接到DVR或编码器，实现视频的采集、编码压缩和传输，PTZ摄像机的控制信号通过RS485进行传输；编码器将视频流通过网络发送到NVR进行集中存储备份；存储服务器可以将DVR或NVR的视频资料进行归档备份；流媒体服务器可以在多个用户并发访问时进行视频转发而减少网络及前端设备的压力；解码器与电视墙连接，实现视频的集中大屏幕显示。

图15.2 典型高铁视频监控系统架构拓扑
另外，视频监控系统还需要与防灾系统、动力、环境检测等其他系统进行必要的联动集成功能，其他系统可以以干接点或API接口的方式，实现与视频监控系统的集成报警联动。相关系统报警发生后，视频监控系统接收到该告警信息，可按照预先设置好的联动程序，完成自动启动录像、改变录像帧率或分辨率、告警视频画面自动弹出、PTZ预置位调出、触发继电器输出驱动灯光、警铃设备等动作。

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