序
第一编 汉译英与英文句型
壹、由要素来分的造句
(1)汉文易写英文难通
(2)动词的种类和变化
(3)动词与五种句型
(4)第一句型的自动构造
(5)第二句型的不完全自动构造
(6)第三句型的他动构造
(7)第四句型的授与构造
(8)第五句型的不完全他动构造
贰、由构造来分的造句
(1)用单句来翻译
(2)用合句来翻译
(3)用复句来翻译
叁、由内容来分的造句
(1)用平叙句来翻译
(2)用疑问句来翻译
(3)用命令句来翻译
(4)用感叹句来翻译
第二编 英文惯用法及其翻译
I.It的造句
(1)“it……不定词”
(2)“it……for……不定词”
(3)“it……动名词”
(4)“it……子句”
(5)“it is……子句”
(6)“it……名词”
Ⅱ.名词的造句
(7)“all+抽象名词”或“抽象名词+itself=very+形容词”
(8)“the+单数名词”的特殊用法
(9)无生物的主语
(10)“something
(much)of”,“nothing (little)of”
(11)属格的主格作用和宾格作用
(12)“名词
(A)+of+a+名词 (B)”
(13)“名词+of+属格+名词”
(l4)“of+抽象名词”=形容词,“of 从略+普通名词”
(15)“one?sown+名词”,“of one?sown+动名词”
(16)“have+the+抽象名词+不定词”
(17)“that
(those)+先行词+关系代名词”
(18)“one thing……another”
Ⅲ.As的造句
(19)“as……as”的三种用法
(20)“as……as any”,“as……as ever”
(21)“as……as……can be”
(22)“as……so……”
(23)“It is in (or
with)……as in (or with)”
24)“as much”,“as many”,”like so
many”
(25)“as good as”,“as well as”
(26)句首的“as it is”,句尾的“as it is”
(27)“过去分词+as it is”,“现在分词+as it does”
(28)“名词等+as+主语+动词等”
Ⅳ.动词的造句
(29)“may well+动词”,“and well+主语+may”
(30)“may as well……as”,“might as well……as”
(31)“so that……may”,“lest……shodd”
(32)“cannol help+动名词”,“cannot but+原形不定词”
(33)“have+宾语 (物)+过去分词”
(34)“have+宾语 (人)+原形不定词”
(35)“have+宾语+副词
(地点,方向等)”
(36)“have+宾语+现在分词”
(37)“find oneself”
(38)“find……in”
(39)“do”的两种用法
(40)“depend on”的两种用法
(41)“know……from”
(42)“had better+原形不定词”,“would
rather+原形不定词”
(43)“make……of”
(44)“make one?s way”
(45)“rob……or”
(46)“seize……by the
(47)“see if……”,“see that……”
(48)“take……for granted”
(49“used to+原形不定词”,“be used to+动名词”
(50)“be+自动词的过去分词”
(51“否定+fail+不定词”
(52“动词+原形不定词”
(53)“leave+much (nothing)+to
be desired”
(54“be+不定词”
(55)“have+不定词+宾语”,“have+宾语+不定词”
(56)“prevent+宾语+from+动名词”
(57)“persuade+宾语+into+动名词”,“dissuade+宾语+from+动名词”
Ⅴ.不定词的造句
(58)表目的、原因、结果等的不定词
(59)“so as+不定词”,“so……as+不定词”
(60)“too……+不定词”,“not
too……+不定词”,“too……not+不定词”
(61)“only too……+不定词”,“too ready+不定词”
(62)不定词的感叹用法
(63)“not to speak of”,“not to say”
Ⅵ.动名词的造句
(64)“There is no+动名词”
(65)“for+the+动名词”
(66)“above+动名词”
(67)“worth+动名词”
(68)“far from+动名词”
(69)“busy+动名词”
(70)“on+动名词”,“in+动名词”
Ⅶ.否定词的造句
(71)“no more……than”
(72)“no less……than”
(73“not so much……as”,“not so much as”
(74)“Nothing is more……than”,“Nothing is
so……as”
(75)“cannot……too”
(76)“否定+without”
(77)“否定+but”
(78)“否定+until (till)”
(79)“not so……but”,“not such a……but”
(80)“not A but B”,“B, (and)not
A”
(81)“否定+because”
(82)“not because……but because”
(83)“not that……but that”
(84“否定+every
(all,both,always,quite”
Ⅷ.What,who的造句
(85)“what he is”,“what he has”
(86)“what+名词”,“what little+名词”
(87)“what with……and what with”,“what by……and
what by”
(88)“what is+比较级”
(89)“A is to B what X is to Y”
(90)“who+肯定”“who+否定”
(91)“疑问词+should……but”
(92)“who knows but
(that)”
Ⅸ,条件及让步的造句
(93)省略if的句法
(94)“If it were not for (=Were
it not for)+名词”,“If it had not been for (=Had it
not been for)+名词”,“But for +名词”,“But that +名词子句”
(95“命令句+and”,“命令句+or”
(96)“名词+and”
(97)“动词+疑问词”
(98“no matter+间接疑问句”,“疑问词-ever+may”
(90)“动词+as+主语+助动词”
(100)“if any”
(101)“be it ever或neverso”,“let it be
ever或neverso”
(102)“once”
(103)“were to”
(104)含有条件意味的字眼
Ⅹ.形容词副词的造句
(105)“the+形容词”的两种用法
(106)最上级形容词含有 even 之意
(107)“the+比较级……the+比较级”
(108)“the+比较级+理由”
(109)“the last……+不定词”,“the last……+形容词子句”
(110)“so+形容词
(副词)+that”,“so+动词+that”
(111)“so that”
(112)“so much so that”
(113)“such……as”,“such……that”
(114)“比较级+than”,“more+原级+than”
(115)“more……than+can”
(116)“more than+动词”
(117)“less……than”
(118)“much more”,“much less”
(119)“would sooner
(rather……than”,“would as soon……as”
(120)“no sooner……than”,“hardly……when”
(121)“anything but”,“nothing but”,“all
but”
(122)“short of”,“be short of”,“nothing short
of”
(123)“ever so”
(124)“good and 的副词用法”
(125)“to one?s+感情名词”,“to the+感情名词+of”
(126)“so far”,“so far as”,“so far as……is
concerned”
(127)“and that”
(128)“at once……and”
(129“in that”
(130)“It is true……but”
Ⅺ.其他的造句
(131)“one”,“as such”
(132)“one thing……another”
(133)“in+人物”
134“before的四种译法”
第三编 疑难句法及文章译例
壹、英文类似句辨异
贰、常易译错的文句
Ⅰ.中译英
Ⅱ.英译中
叁、翻译实例
I.中译英
(1)郑燮致弟书
(2)中国的山水画
(3)为学
(4)光与色
(5)教学相长
(6翻译文欠通顺
(7)学无所用
(8)画蛇添足
(9)嗟来食
(10)老与少
(11)雕刻奇技
(12)狐疑
(13)怕伞的姑娘
(14)偷窃狂
(15)狐假虎威
(16)习惯说
(17)黔之驴
(18)少年孔融的机智
(19)绝妙好辞
(20)韩信忍受跨下辱
Ⅱ.英译中
(1)Too Clever Not to See
(2)The Busy Broker
(3)Speculation on Important Subjects
(4)A Feeling of Eternity
(5)The Spirit of Fair-play
(6)On D.H.Lawrence
(7)On Books
(8)Arguments against Smoking
(9)The Definition of a Gentleman
(10)The Law of the Jungle
(1l)Some Well-informed People
(12)The Enslish Humour
(13)The Trouble with Translation
(14)Too Distinguished to be a Personality
(15)Schadenfrcude
(16)Aloneness is Worse than Failure
(17)Being One?s True Self
(18)Happiness Consists in Love
(19)The Cosy Fire of Affection
(20)Irrational Man
附 录:
当代英美名作摘译
(1)William Plomer:On Not Answering the
Telephone
(2)Louis Kronenberger:A Note on Privacy
(3)Lawrence George Durrel:Justlne
(4)Lawrcnce George Durrel:Mount-Olive
(5)P.H.Newby:A Parcel for Alexandria
(6)Muriel Spark:The Girls of Slender Means
(7)J.D.Salinger:The Long Debut of Lots
Taggett
(8)J.D.Salinger:The Catcher in the Rye
(9)Iris Murdoch:The Bell
(10)Iris Murdoch:The Flight from the
Enchanter
(11)Truman Capote:Breakfast at Tiffany?s
(12)Truman Capote:Breakfast at Tiffany?s
(13)James Baldwin:Notes of a Native Son
(14)William Styron:Lie Down in Darkness
(15)William Styro:The Confessions of Nat
Turner
(16)Stan Barstow:Gamblers Never Win
一个英文动词本身虽只有现在形、过去形、过去分词形和现在分词形四种形式,例如“看见”这个动词,则有see,saw,seen,seeing四个不同的变化,但这四种形式运用起来,也可变出十六种不同的时态,即
1. He sees(现在)
2. He saw(过去)
3. He has seen (现在完成)
4. He had seen (过去完成)
5. He is seeing(现在进行)
6. He was seeing (过去进行)
7. He will see(现在推量)
8. He would see (过去推量)
9. He has been seeing (现在完成进行)
10. He had been seeing (过去完成进行)
11. He will have seen (现在完成推量)
12. He would have seen (过去完成推量)
13. He will be seeing (现在进行推量)
14. He would be seeing (过去进行推量)
15. He will have been seeing (现在完成进行推量)
16. He would have been seeing (过去完成进行推量)